Design and Functional Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Renewable Power Applications

Abstract:-The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in modern power systems has introduced significant challenges related to power quality, stability, and reliability due to their inherent intermittency. To address these issues, this thesis presents the design, modeling, and performance analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system integrated with a battery energy storage system (BESS) for power quality optimization. The proposed system combines solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy sources with a battery storage unit through a common DC bus, enabling coordinated energy management and continuous power delivery under varying environmental and load conditions. An enhanced Perturb and Observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is developed to improve energy extraction from the PV system. The proposed MPPT technique incorporates adaptive perturbation step sizing, anti-misdirection logic, and oscillation suppression near the maximum power point, resulting in faster convergence, reduced steady-state oscillations, and improved tracking accuracy compared to conventional P&O methods. This enhancement contributes to improved DC-link voltage stability and reduced voltage and current ripples. Power quality analysis reveals a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of 5.34%, which complies with IEEE 519 standards, confirming the effectiveness of the inverter modulation and control techniques in producing a near-sinusoidal output voltage. Overall, the proposed hybrid renewable energy system with intelligent control and enhanced MPPT provides an efficient, stable, and high-quality power supply, making it a viable solution for modern gridconnected and standalone renewable energy applications.

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